November 2022’s Most Wanted Malware: A Month of Comebacks for Trojans as Emotet and Qbot Make an Impact
Check Point Research reports that Emotet has returned after a quiet summer, now the second most prevalent malware globally. Qbot has also made it back onto the index for the first time since 2021, while the Education sector remains under attack
Check Point Software Technologies Ltd., a leading provider of cybersecurity solutions globally, has published its latest Global Threat Index for November 2022. This month saw the return of Emotet, an ambitious Trojan malware that took a short-lived break over the summer period. Qbot moved into third place for the first time since July 2021, with a global impact of 4%, and there was a notable increase in Raspberry Robin attacks, a sophisticated worm that typically uses malicious USB drives to infect machines.
In July 2022, Check Point Research (CPR) reported a significant decrease in Emotet’s global impact and activity, suspecting its absence would only be temporary. As predicted, the self-propagating Trojan malware is now climbing the index again, reaching second place as the most widespread malware in November, with a 4% impact on organizations globally. While Emotet began as a banking trojan, its modular design has allowed it to evolve into a distributor for other types of malwares, and it is commonly spread through phishing campaigns. Emotet’s increased prevalence could be partially contributed to a series of new malspam campaigns launched in November, which are designed to distribute IcedID banking trojan payloads.
Also, for the first time since July 2021, Qbot, a Trojan that steals banking credentials and keystrokes, reached the third spot on the top malware list, with a global impact of 4%. The threat actors behind the malware are financially motivated cybercriminals, stealing financial data, banking credentials, and web browser information from infected and compromise systems. Once Qbot threat actors succeed in infecting a system, they install a backdoor to grant access to ransomware operators, leading to double extortion attacks. November saw Qbot leveraging a Windows Zero-Day vulnerability to provide threat actors full access to infected networks.
This month also saw an increase in Raspberry Robin, a sophisticated worm that uses malicious USB drives that contain Windows shortcut files that appear legitimate but in fact infect a victim’s machines. Microsoft found it has evolved from a widely distributed worm to an infecting platform for distributing malware, linked to other malware families and alternate infection methods beyond its original USB drive spread.
“While these sophisticated malwares can lie dormant during quieter periods, the last few weeks act a stark reminder that they will not remain quiet for long. We cannot afford to become complacent, so it’s important that everyone remains vigilant when opening emails, clicking on links, visiting websites or sharing personal information,” said Maya Horowitz, VP Research at Check Point Software.
CPR also revealed that “Web Servers Malicious URL Directory Traversal” is the most common exploited vulnerability, impacting 46% of organizations globally, closely followed by “Web Server Exposed Git Repository Information Disclosure” with an impact of 45%. November also saw Education/Research remain in first place as the most attacked industry globally.
Top malware families
*The arrows relate to the change in rank compared to the previous month.
AgentTesla remains the most prevalent malware this month, impacting 6% of organizations worldwide, followed by new entries Emotet with a 4% impact and then Qbot with 4%.
- ↔ AgentTesla – AgentTesla is an advanced RAT functioning as a keylogger and information stealer. It is capable of monitoring and collecting the victim’s keyboard input, system keyboard, taking screenshots and exfiltrating credentials to a variety of software installed on a victim’s machine (including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Microsoft Outlook).
- ↑ Emotet – Emotet is an advanced, self-propagating and modular Trojan. Emotet, once used as a banking Trojan, has recently been used as a distributer to other malware or malicious campaigns. It uses multiple methods for maintaining persistence and evasion techniques to avoid detection. In addition, it can be spread through phishing spam emails containing malicious attachments or links.
- ↑ Qbot – Qbot AKA Qakbot is a banking Trojan that first appeared in 2008, designed to steal a user’s banking credentials and keystrokes. It is often distributed via spam emails and employs several anti-VM, anti-debugging, and anti-sandbox techniques to hinder analysis and evade detection.
Top-Attacked Industries Globally
This month, Education/Research remains the most attacked industry globally, followed by Government/Military and then Healthcare.
- Education/Research
- Government/Military
- Healthcare
Top exploited vulnerabilities
This month, “Web Servers Malicious URL Directory Traversal” is the most commonly exploited vulnerability, impacting 46% of organizations globally, followed by “Web Server Exposed Git Repository Information Disclosure” with an impact of 45%. “HTTP Headers Remote Code Execution” is still the third most used vulnerability with a global impact of 42%.
- ↑ Web Servers Malicious URL Directory Traversal (CVE-2010-4598,CVE-2011-2474,CVE-2014-0130,CVE-2014-0780,CVE-2015-0666,CVE-2015-4068,CVE-2015-7254,CVE-2016-4523,CVE-2016-8530,CVE-2017-11512,CVE-2018-3948,CVE-2018-3949,CVE-2019-18952,CVE-2020-5410,CVE-2020-8260) – There exists a directory traversal vulnerability on different web servers. The vulnerability is due to an input validation error in a web server that does not properly sanitize the URI for directory traversal patterns. Successful exploitation allows unauthenticated remote attackers to disclose or access arbitrary files on the vulnerable server.
- ↓ Web Server Exposed Git Repository Information Disclosure – An information disclosure vulnerability has been reported in Git Repository. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an unintentional disclosure of account information.
- ↔ HTTP Headers Remote Code Execution (CVE-2020-10826,CVE-2020-10827,CVE-2020-10828,CVE-2020-13756) – HTTP headers let the client and server pass additional information with a HTTP request. A remote attacker may use a vulnerable HTTP Header to run arbitrary code on the victim’s machine.
Top Mobile Malwares
This month Anubis remains the most prevalent Mobile malware, followed by Hydra and AlienBot.
- Anubis – Anubis is a banking Trojan malware designed for Android mobile phones. Since it was initially detected, it has gained additional functions including Remote Access Trojan (RAT) functionality, keylogger and audio recording capabilities as well as various ransomware features. It has been detected on hundreds of different applications available in the Google Store.
- Hydra – Hydra is a banking Trojan designed to steal finance credentials by requesting victims to enable dangerous permissions.
- AlienBot – AlienBot is a banking Trojan for Android, sold underground as Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS). It supports keylogging, dynamic overlays for credentials theft as well as SMS harvesting for 2FA bypass. Additional remote-control capabilities are provided using a TeamViewer module.
