The GSMA has identified South Africa as a pivotal player in leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) for socio-economic development and climate impact. In its recent report, “AI for Africa: Use Cases Delivering Impact,”, funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), the GSMA highlights that while Africa currently accounts for only 2.5% of the global AI market, emerging AI applications hold the potential to boost the continent’s economic growth by an astonishing $2.9 trillion by 2030, according to research from AI4D Africa.
South Africa, with its robust compute capabilities, data centres, and a vibrant R&D ecosystem, stands out as a regional leader in AI. While the country has fewer AI use cases in the areas covered in the research compared to peers like Kenya and Nigeria, its focus on advanced sectors such as financial inclusion, manufacturing, education, and health presents significant opportunities to extend AI’s benefits to broader social and environmental challenges. This newly released analysis on South Africa underscores AI’s transformative capacity in agriculture, energy, climate action, and health. However, unlocking the full potential of AI will require overcoming barriers such as limited data availability, high technology costs, and a gap in AI skills.
Agriculture: Enhancing Productivity and Food Security
South Africa has a relatively advanced agricultural sector, employing less than 20% of the workforce and featuring a mix of developed commercial players and subsistence farmers. The report identifies substantial opportunities for digital technologies and AI to enhance resource allocation efficiency, boost agricultural productivity and yields, improve market access for farmers, and minimize inputs and crop wastage.
However, several challenges hinder the widespread adoption of AI innovations in agriculture. These include the availability of data and devices such as smartphones and sensors, as well as unreliable connectivity in some rural areas. Although smartphone penetration is relatively high in South Africa, the cost of mobile data can remain a barrier, and there is a notable lack of digital skills among key end users, which further complicates the integration of AI technologies.
Energy: Optimising Access and Efficiency
South Africa’s energy sector grapples with challenges that include ageing infrastructure, reliance on coal, and the need to ensure reliable and sustainable energy access for all. AI has the potential to transform the energy sector by driving efficiency, sustainability, and resilience, but its application is still in the early stages.
In addition, despite successes in expanding access and incorporating renewable sources, South Africa’s energy sector faces significant challenges in reaching rural areas and maintaining reliability. AI technologies can be used in combination with tools like geospatial mapping to enhance energy distribution and reliability as well as increase the uptake of off-grid solutions like solar home systems. Mobile operators like Vodacom and MTN are investing resources to optimise their own energy usage and improve network resilience, particularly in areas with inconsistent power supply.
Climate Action: Building Resilience
Highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, South Africa stands to benefit significantly from AI-driven climate action solutions. AI applications in disaster preparedness, natural resource management, and biodiversity conservation are highlighted as critical in mitigating the effects of climate change. For instance, the Microsoft AI for Good Lab’s project with the South African National Parks leverages AI to prevent human-wildlife conflict, while the World Food Programme’s SKAI initiative uses AI to develop real-time insights for disaster response.
Health: Reducing Inequalities
South Africa’s health sector faces challenges including a high disease burden and unequal access to quality services. AI has the potential to significantly enhance efficiency and scale existing digital solutions. By automating tasks such as patient management and hospital resource allocation, improving the accuracy of medical imaging diagnostics, and deploying AI-powered telemedicine platforms, AI can make healthcare more accessible, particularly in rural areas. The report highlights innovative start-ups like Envisionit Deep AI and Quro Medical, which are leveraging AI to advance medical imaging and enable remote diagnosis.
Challenges and Opportunities
While the potential for AI to drive socio-economic growth in South Africa is immense, several barriers need to be addressed. The report identifies the limited availability of high-quality local data, the high costs of AI-related technologies, and an AI skills gap as primary challenges. It emphasises the importance of building robust data ecosystems, increasing investments in AI infrastructure, and enhancing digital skills training programmes.
To fully harness AI’s transformative capabilities, the report advocates for a multi-faceted approach involving partnerships across the public and private sectors, investment in local data and AI ecosystems, and policy support. Encouragingly, South Africa’s smartphone penetration, currently at 56%, is expected to reach 75% by 2030, positioning mobile-based AI solutions as a practical way to extend AI’s benefits across the population.
Max Cuvellier Giacomelli, Head of Mobile for Development at the GSMA, said: “AI has the power to support the transition of South Africa’s key industries by significantly boosting efficiency, sustainability, and resilience. Our latest report outlines AI’s transformative potential across agriculture, energy, climate action, and health, showcasing innovative solutions poised to elevate productivity and reliability. By overcoming barriers like local data availability or digital skills, the country can hope to harness AI’s potential to propel socio-economic growth and sustainable development for all.”
